您好,欢迎光临江苏自考网(www.jiangsuzikao.com)!

咨询电话:025-83235887 / RSS地图 / 网站地图
自考专题:
来源:江苏自考网 时间:2018-05-23 12:29:05

  Chapter 3 The Shaping of the Nation

  1.What was feudalism like in England under the rule of William the Conqueror?

  Under the rule of William the Conqueror,the feudal system in England was completely established. According to this system, the king owned all the land personally.William gave his barons large estates in returnfor military services and a proportion of the land‘s produce.These estates were scattered all over the king. Then, the barons parceled out land to the lesser nobles,knights and freemen,also in return for goods and services.At the bottom of the feudal scale were the serfs. One peculiar feature of the feudal system of England was that all landowners must take the oath of allegiance not only to their immediate lord,but also to the king.

  2.How did King Henry II consolidate the monarchy?

  Henry II took some measure to consolidate the monarchy. He forced the Flemish mercenaries to have England; recalled grants of Royal lands made By Stephen;demolished scores of castles built in Stephen‘s time;strengthened and widened the powers of his sheriffs and relied for armed support upon a militia composed of English freemen.

  3.How did king Henry II reform the courts and the law? Henry II was the first king of the House of Plantagenet.he greatly strengthened the king‘s Court and extended its judicial work.In Henry II’s reign a common law,which over-rode local law and private law.In Henry‘s day the jury system was at last replacing old English ordeals by fire and water and old Norman trials by battle.

  4.What was the quarrel between king Henry II and Thomas Becket? The Great Council of Henry II drew up the Constitutions of Clarendon in 1164 to increase the jurisdiction of the civil courts at the expense of the church courts.Becket reluctantly signed the Constitutions.but shortly afterwards rejected them.Henry II was so angry that he drove Becket into exile.

  5.What was the contents and the significance of the Great charter? Contents:no tax should be made without the approval of the Grand Council;no freeman should be arrested,imprisoned,or deprived of his property except by the law of the land;the Church should possess all its rights,together with freedom of elections;London and other towns should retain their ancient rights and privileges,and there should be the same weights and measures throughout the country.

  It was a statement of the feudal and legal relationship between the Crown and the barons,a guarantee of the freedom of the Church and a limitation of the power of the king.

  6.Why and how did the English Parliament come into being? Henry III‘s many measure was brought matters between he and barons to a head.and the barons force the king to swear and accept the Provisions of Oxford.

  Simon de Montfort summoned in 1265 the Great Council to meet at Westminster, together with two knights from each country and two burgesses from each town,a metting which has been seen as that the earliest parliament.

  7.What were the causes of the Hundred Years‘ War? The causes were partly territorial and partly economic.

  8.What harm did the Black Death do to the English society? The Black Death swept through England in 1348-1349 without warning and any cure.It reduced England‘s population from four million to two million and the economic consequences were far reaching.

  Much land was left untended and there was a terrible shortage of labour. The surviving peasants were in favourable position to demand higher wages and changed their serfdom into paid labourers. So the government issued statutes of Labourers to protect the interests of landowners. These repressive measures and a series of poll taxes caused much hatred and resulted in the Peasant Uprising in 1381.

  9.what do you know about Wat Tyler‘s Uprising? The uprising broke out in Kent and Essex in 1381 and was led by Wat Tyler and Jack Straw. Tyler led the mared villagers to occupy London. The king was forced to accept their demands. Most of the rebels dispersed and went home, while Tyler and other leader stayed on for more rights. Tyler was killed at a meeting with the king,who suppressed the Uprising brutally.

  Although the Uprising failed,it had great importance in English history. It directed against the rich clergy, the lawyers and the landowners. It effectively blew the serfdom,and a new class of yeomen farmers emerged,paving the way for the development of capitalism.

  10.Who were the Lollards?what role did they play in the Peasant Uprising of 1381?

  The Lollards were poor priests and travelling preachers who were John Wyclif‘s followers in the 14th century. They went about preaching the equality of men before god. The most famous one was John Ball. Their ideas provided mental preparation for the Peasant Uprising of 1381.

以上就是关于“自考英语国家概况资料十一”的全部内容,想获取更多江苏自考的相关资讯,如江苏自考常见问题、院校动态,政策公告,考试题库,复习备考、专业目录。敬请关注下方“江苏自考微信公众号”或加入“江苏自考考生交流群”和千万自考生一起学习,共同进步~
欢迎关注“江苏自考网微信公众平台
江苏自考网微信公众平台
(自考资讯,一手掌握!)
欢迎加入“江苏自考网微信交流群
江苏自考网微信交流群
(扫码进群,领取《 备考资料和备考方案 》哦!)
8888人已通过
开始测试

江苏自考网》免责声明:

(一)由于考试政策等各方面情况的不断调整与变化,本网站所提供的考试信息仅供参考,请以省考试院及院校官方发布公布的正式信息为准。

(二)本站文章内容信息来源出处标注为其他平台的稿件均为转载稿,免费转载出于非商业性学习目的,版权归原作者所有。如您对内容、版权等问题存在异议请与本站联系,我们会及时进行处理解决,联系邮箱:952056566@qq.com。

报考提醒

报名入口 查询系统

自考交流群

咨询老师

扫一扫,加入江苏自考交流群免费送《备考资料和备考方案》

扫一扫,加入“江苏自考交流群”
进群领取《备考资料和备考方案》

报考服务

025-83235887